How does the Quantum Magic 8-Ball generate random results?

A light source emits photons attenuated to a single photon at a time. Each photon passes through a beam splitter and either hits Photomultiplier Tube A (yes) or Photomultiplier Tube B (no), producing a genuinely random binary outcome rooted in quantum mechanics.

What makes this more random than a regular Magic 8-Ball?

A standard Magic 8-Ball relies on physical randomness from a floating polyhedron, which can be influenced by how you shake it. This quantum version uses the inherently probabilistic nature of photon behavior at a beam splitter, which cannot be predicted or biased.

Is this project difficult to build?

David Noel Ng documents the low-level physics, electronic circuitry, and code involved. It requires some familiarity with optics hardware such as photomultiplier tubes and beam splitters, as well as basic electronics and programming skills.

Quantum Magic 8-Ball: Using Photons to Generate Truly…

Quantum Magic 8-Ball: Using Photons to Generate Truly Random Answers

Maker David Noel Ng has applied quantum physics to the classic Magic 8-Ball toy, using a photon beam splitter and photomultiplier tubes to generate genuinely random yes/no outcomes. The results drive a software-based Magic 8-Ball that answers questions. The project combines low-level quantum physics, electronic circuitry, and code to demonstrate a real-world application of quantum randomness.

20 days ago

Highlights

Maker David Noel Ng built a Quantum Magic 8-Ball that uses a photon beam splitter and two photomultiplier tubes to produce one truly random binary result per photon.

The light source is attenuated so that only a single photon travels through the optical path at any given moment, ensuring each measurement is an independent quantum event.

Quantum randomness outcomes feed directly into a random number generator that controls a software-based Magic 8-Ball's answers.

The project combines low-level quantum physics, analog electronic circuitry, and software code into a fully functional question-answering device.

Unlike conventional pseudo-random number generators, the device's randomness is grounded in the inherently probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, making results impossible to predict or reproduce.

Quantum Magic 8-Ball: Using Photons to Generate Truly Random Answers

If you've ever cracked open a classic Magic 8-Ball, you know what's inside: little more than a multi-faced polyhedron floating in dark liquid. The toy offers an "approximately random" way to pose pressing questions to the universe — things like "Are my parents going to get divorced?" or "Does Beth like me?" — even if the answers are almost never accurate.

If you'd prefer a Magic 8-Ball that is more reliably random (while still making no guarantees about accuracy), a project recently completed by maker David Noel Ng might catch your eye.

The Concept: True Randomness Through Quantum Effects

The core idea is straightforward: harness quantum effects to produce genuinely random outcomes, feed those outcomes into a random number generator, and let the generator determine the answers displayed by a software Magic 8-Ball. David explored several implementation approaches before settling on the design he felt best suited the task.

Hardware Design: Photons, a Beam Splitter, and Photomultiplier Tubes

In the final version of the device:

A light source emits photons, attenuated to the point where, in practice, only a single photon travels through the optical path at any given moment.
Each photon passes through a beam splitter, producing one of only two possible outcomes: it either passes straight through the mirror and strikes Photomultiplier Tube A, or it is reflected and strikes Photomultiplier Tube B.
This process yields a genuinely random "yes/no" result for every photon that passes through.

David provides a clear explanation of the low-level physics at work, alongside a walkthrough of the supporting electronic circuitry and code that transform the apparatus into a functional Magic 8-Ball capable of actually answering questions.

Closing Thoughts

Homebrew Magic 8-Ball builds are nothing new, and few manage to replicate the distinctive tactile experience of the original toy. That said, they all serve the same purpose: handling questions that are too trivial to warrant a visit to a tarot reader or fortune teller. If you have your own unconventional method for interpreting the will of the cosmos, feel free to share it via the editorial inbox.

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